Higher TSLP and its receptor expression and T_H2 bias at maternal-fetal interface in the early pregnancy than miscarriage. Quantitative PCR shows that TSLP expression in villi and decidua from placenta of normal early pregnancy was significantly higher than that of unexplained miscarriage (A). Western blot analysis of TSLP, TSLPR, and IL-7Rα in freshly isolated trophoblast cells, DSCs, DECs, and DSCs from normal early pregnancy and unexplained miscarriage was performed (B-C). The bands were scanned and analyzed on Las-300 (FujiFilm), and the ratio of TSLP, TSLPR, or IL-7Ra to GAPDH indicates the relative protein levels in each group, respectively. The T_H1 cytokines, IFN-γ and TNF-α, or T_H2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, at the maternal-fetal interface were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (D). Histogram shows the relative expression level of the indicated cytokines as determined by densitometric analysis (E). Data are mean ± SD from 4 repeated experiments with 4 placenta samples, respectively. Original magnification in the representative results is 200-fold (E).