Vorinostat induced NOX-derived ROS generation. (A) HL60, U937, and ML1 cells were treated with vorinostat alone (1μM for HL60, 2μM for U937 and ML1), 2μM DPI alone, or vorinostat plus DPI for the indicated time. Cells were then subjected to NOX activity assay as described in “NADPH oxidase activity assay.” DPI completely blocked the up-regulation of NOX activity induced by vorinostat. Bars represent mean ± SD from 3 experiments. (B) Histogram overlay of baseline O2− levels in HL60 and HL60/C6F. (C-D) Representative histogram overlay of O2− levels in HL60 and HL60/C6F before and after treatment of 1μM vorinostat for 18 hours. Numbers in panels B through D indicate mean values of O2− levels detected by Het. Vor indicates vorinostat.