Hypothetical scenarios explaining the immunoadjuvant action of granulysin. (A) Granulysin directly acts on TLR4 and/or a Gi protein–coupled receptor to mediate chemotaxis and DC activation/maturation. (B) Granulysin interacts with other molecules to form molecular complexes that then stimulate TLR4 or other pattern recognition receptors (PRR). (C) Granulysin kills a fraction of vulnerable cells, thereby triggering the exposure or release of cell death–associated molecules (CDAMs), which act on TLR4 and perhaps other PRR.