CD8⁺ T cells cocultured with MPA-DCs synthesized high levels of TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-5, and low levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ. CD8⁺ T cells were cocultured with either MPA-DCs or mDCs for 6 days. (A) Levels of TGF-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and TNF-α in supernatants were analyzed by ELISA. The samples were acidified and then neutralized to activate latent TGF-β1. The results are expressed in picograms per milliliter as mean ± SD of 9 experiments. (B) IFN-γ synthesis was also assessed by ELISA and intracytoplasmic staining. Results are expressed in percentage of positive cells. Wilcoxon test was used to calculate statistical differences between groups. The P value is indicated on each histogram of the figure. *P < .05