In vitro transduction studies of VWF WT and Mut vectors in endothelial and HepG2 cells. Transduction of HD-Ad-VWF WT-Luc, HD-Ad–VWF Mut-Luc, Mut and HD-Ad–VWF WT-neg in (A) BOECs and (B) HepG2 cells. In both cell types, there is a significant reduction in normalized luciferase:β-gal expression from the mutant vector compared with the WT vector in BOECs (n = 16, 50.5% reduction, P < .001) and in HepG2 cells (n = 16, 40% reduction, P < .0001). All values shown are means ± SEM.