In vivo mice biophotonic studies quantifying expression from the VWF-WT and Mut vectors. (A) Bioluminescent imaging was performed in 9 Balb/c mice 48 hours after tail vein injection of 3.5 × 1010 viral particles of HD-Ad. Imaging was monitored 5 minutes after administration of luciferin. (B) Significant reduction in bioluminescence expression (photon flux/second; n = 9, P = .001). (C) β-galactosidase assays on liver isolated from mice injected with WT and Mut vectors. No significant difference in β-gal expression was documented indicating equivalent liver cell transduction (n = 5, P = .8). (D) Quantitative real-time PCR to test the differential HD-Ad liver tropism in mice injected with WT and Mut vectors. The graph shows no significant changes in vector copy number between WT and Mut vector (n = 5, P = .29) complementing results of the β-gal assay. All values shown are means ± SEM.