CD4⁺counts, CD4⁺Foxp3⁺, and CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ cell proportions in duodenal biopsies of patients with grade less than 2 or of 2 or more (first and second cohorts). (A) Absolute number of CD4⁺ cells per field in the first and second cohorts of duodenal biopsies. (B) Percentage of CD4⁺ cells expressing Foxp3 in the same cohorts. (C) Percentage of CD4⁺ cells expressing IL-17 in the same cohorts. An increased proportion of CD4⁺ cells expresses Foxp3 in duodenal biopsies of patients with grade 2 or more compared with patients with grade less than 2 in the 2 cohorts. A decreased proportion of CD4⁺ cells expresses IL-17 in duodenal biopsies of patients with grade 2 or more compared with patients with grade less than 2 in the 2 cohorts.