AES expression in AML patients and its association with patient prognosis. (A) Representative micrographs of TMA from NBM and AML patients stained with anti-AES antibody and Fast-Red secondary antibody contrasted with hematoxylin and eosin. Overview and 63× magnification of one sample with the t(8; 21) (AML1/ETO) chromosomal translocation. Bar represents 20 μm. (B) Quantitative TMA analysis of AES expression using categories of staining intensity (0 indicates nothing; + low; ++ moderate; and +++ strong) shows comparison between NBM specimens (N = 40; AML, N = 163) in percentage of total number of samples. Statistical significance using χ² test was P less than .05. (C) RT-PCR analysis of AML patients (n = 50) versus NBM (n = 8) of AES mRNA level demonstrates higher AES expression levels in AML (P = .012). (D) Kaplan-Meier plots of event-free survival and overall survival in AML patients with low or high levels of AES expression. For mRNA analyses, a published microarray dataset was used, and patients were regarded as high or low on AES expression based on the median expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed by tissue array of an independent patient population. In both groups, patients with a favorable karyotype (t(15;17), t(8;21), inv(16)) or C/EBPα mutations were excluded. Statistical significance was evaluated using the log-rank test (Mantel-Cox).