Dectin-1–deficient completely abrogates particulate β-glucan–mediated antitumor therapeutic efficacy. (A) Groups of dectin-1^−/− mice were implanted subcutaneously with EO771/OVA tumor cells. After palpable tumors formed, mice were treated daily with or without particulate β-glucan for 2 weeks. Tumor diameter was recorded at the indicated time. (B) Single cell suspensions prepared from tumor samples or spleen as indicated were stained with fluorochrome labeled mAbs. Summarized data are shown. (C) Single cell suspensions from tumors were also stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin and stained intracellular IFN-γ and IL-17. Cells were gated on CD8⁺ T cells. (D) RNAs from tumor specimens were extracted and qRT-PCR was performed for the indicated cytokines and arginase.