Priming with antigen and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β induces exclusive IL-17 production and RORC expression in differentiating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. (A) Intracellular cytokine staining for IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-22, IL-4, and IL-10 in naive (CD45RA⁺CD27⁺) human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells primed for 6 days with an equal number of irradiated DCs and IPP in the presence of a cocktail of 4 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β) then incubated for 6-7 days more in IL-2 and stimulated for 6 hours with IPP. (B) RT-PCR of the expression of RORC and TBX21 in cells primed with antigen in the presence or absence (medium) of cytokines, as described in panel A. Data represent the mean values ± SD of 3 separate experiments, each performed with 2 different healthy donors. *P < .001 compared with the medium group.