Stx holotoxin and StxB induced secretion of VWF. (A) HUVECs were perfused in a parallel plate flow chamber at 2.5 dyn/cm2 with medium M199 containing fluorescent anti-VWF antibody without or with 100μM histamine, 5nM Stx1, 5nM Stx2, 5nM Stx1B, or 5nM Stx2B and images were acquired at 10 minutes. Scale bars are 20 μm. Images were prepared with Photoshop CS4 (Adobe Systems). (B) VWF strings were counted in 10 fields and values shown as the mean ± SE, normalized to the mean value for Stx1B. Experiments were repeated at least 3 times with similar results.