CD4⁺ T cells in HCQ-treated patients. Percentage of CD4⁺ T cells (A) and CD4⁺ T-cell counts (B) in HIV-infected INRs at baseline (□), after 6 months (ms) of HCQ (), and 2 months after HCQ interruption (■). Panel C shows unstimulated and env + gag–stimulated activated Ki67⁺CD4⁺ T cells in HIV-infected INRs analyzed at the same time points. Mean values, SE, and P values are indicated.