Abnormal phenotype of DCs derived from HCMV-infected monocytes results from a paracrine effect. Monocytes (Mo) were differentiated into DCs after mock-infection (MoDC) or infection with HCMV-VHLE (CMV-MoDC) by culture for 5 days with GM-CSF and IL-13. (A) Surface markers (CD1a, CD1c, CD14, CD83, CD80, and CD86) were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the percentages of positive cells was determined as indicated. (B) Monocytes were infected with BAC-TB40E/GFP and checked for GFP fluorescence and by flow cytometry after labeling with anti-CD1a and anti-CD83 Abs. (C) Monocytes were differentiated by culture for 5 days with GM-CSF and IL-13 standard medium supplemented with supernatants recovered from MoDC (SN-MoDC), MoDC infected with live CMV (SN-CMV-MoDC) or UV-inactivated CMV (SN-UVCMV-MoDC). Cells were labeled with PE-anti-CD1a Abs, and the percentage of CD1a⁺ cells was determined as indicated. Representative of ≥ 3 independent experiments.