Intratracheal instillation of anti-Dkk1 antibody or Wnt3a attenuates neutrophil infiltration during LM-induced acute pulmonary inflammation. Mice were intratracheally instilled with LPS together with isotype-matched control IgG or function-blocking monoclonal antibody against Dkk1 (86 µg/mouse) and then mechanically ventilated (LM). Mice were also intratracheally coadministered with control (Con_CM) or Wnt3a-conditioned medium (Wnt3a_CM) along with LPS and ventilated as above. (A) Differential immune cell number in the BAL was counted. The mRNA levels of ICAM-1 (B), VCAM-1 (C), and IL-6 (E) in the whole-lung tissues were measured by real-time PCR and were normalized to blank control. (D) Concentrations of IL-6 in BAL were measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5-8 animals). Statistical significance was determined by 1-way ANOVA analysis with post hoc Tukey test. *, **, and # represent P < .05.