A mathematical framework accurately predicts the dynamics of TKI treatment responses. (A-D) The panels display the abundance of healthy (black) and leukemic (blue) stem cells (SCs), progenitor cells (PCs), differentiated cells (DCs), and terminally differentiated cells (TCs) over time (years) since the initiation of imatinib mesylate therapy, as predicted by the mathematical framework.^10,12  (E-F) The panels display the median (orange circles) and quartiles of the short-term (E) and long-term (F) imatinib mesylate response data together with the results of the mathematical framework. Based on the model presented in the supplemental Information, the mathematical model prediction is given by αy₃/(2x₃ + y₃). Here x₃ and y₃ denote the abundance of normal and leukemic terminally differentiated cells, and α specifies the average number of copies of BCR-ABL1 per cell times a factor representing batch effects between cohorts. Parameter values are d₀ = 0.0008, d₁ = 0.0057, d₂ = 0.0519, d₃ = 1, r_x = 0.008, r_y = 0.01, p_x = 9 × 10⁻⁶, p_y = 1.15 × 10⁻⁶, a_x = 0.57, b_x = 5.19, c_x = 100, a_y = 2a_x, b_y = 2b_x, c_y = c_x, a'_y = a_y/200, b'_y = b_y/300, c'_y = c_y, r'_y = r_y/15, and α = 3 (E) and α = 4 (F) (see supplemental Information). Apart from the dimension-less parameters, all values are given in units per day. Note that these parameter choices represent only one example that can recapitulate the dynamics of the treatment response seen in the clinic; other choices are possible.