Cytokine pattern and phenotype of HIV-1 Gag-specific T cells do not differ significantly between patient groups. HIV-1 Gag-reactive CD4⁺ (A-B) and CD8⁺ T cells (C-D) of IRIS and non-IRIS patients were compared at the 5 analysis time points. (A,C) Cytokine pattern. Relative proportion of total HIV-1 Gag-reactive cells producing each possible combination of the cytokines measured. (B,D) Differentiation state. Dashed lines separate pre-ART from on-ART samples. Gray boxes indicate samples from IRIS patients within 3 months of clinical IRIS onset. All time points were compared between patient groups and with corresponding pre-ART measurements within each patient group (no statistically significant differences found). Individual pie segments were also compared between time points within each patient group (indicated within relevant pie segments): *P < .01; **P < .001. i.d. indicates insufficient data/(not enough samples met inclusion criteria).