Phenotypic characterization of Foxp3+ CD4 T cells based on CD45RA. (A) Contour plots showing the distribution of cells based on CD45RA and Foxp3 expression in the same patient as in Figure 1B before and after 12 months of IFN-α2a treatment. Fraction I indicates naive, resting, and suppressive Tregs; fraction II, active, suppressive Tregs; and fraction III, cytokine-producing, nonsuppressive effector T cells. There was a marked increase in both CD45RA+Foxp3low (fraction III) and CD45RA+Foxp3high (fraction II). (B) Frequencies of Foxp3+ cells in fractions I, II, and III as described in panel A in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm according to treatment compared with healthy donors. An increase in both activated Tregs and cytokine-producing Teffs was observed in patients treated with IFN-α2 compared with any other group.