Defined oncogenic transformations drive TF expression in cancer. Defined pathways regulating expression of TF in cancer are as follows: (1) Epidermal-to-mesenchymal transformation and TGF-β signaling.^11,15  TGF-β indicates transforming growth factor-β; TGFBRI/II, transforming growth factor receptors I and II; and SMAD, contraction of “small” and “mothers against decapentaplegic.” (2) Hypoxia-induced signaling.¹⁹  EGR-1 indicates early growth response protein-1. (3) EGFR- and PTEN-dependent pathways.^9-11,13  EGF indicates epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; and PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog. (4) Src-signaling pathways.¹²  Src indicates Rous sarcoma oncogene cellular homolog¹² ; the c-MET mutation leads to enhanced expression of HGFR (hepatocyte growth factor receptor). (5) Loss of K-ras and p53.^7,8,13,14  K-ras indicates V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; P53, protein 53; PI3, phosphatidylinositol-3′; and MAP, mitogen-activated protein.