Enrollment of TRALI cases and controls at 2 academic centers (2006-2009). All RBC and platelet units (all collected by apheresis) were leuko-reduced. To determine risk factors, 89 TRALI cases and 164 controls that occurred during the case-control study period from March 1, 2006 to August 31, 2009 were included. DAH indicates diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; ILD, interstitial lung disease; CVP, central venous pressure; and TACO, transfusion associated circulatory overload.