Phenotype of total CD8 T cells and HIV- and CMV-specific CD8 T cells during primary infection. (A) Inverse correlation between the viral load in primary HIV infection and days after infection in the studied cohort. (B) Viral load (copies/mL) in the primary and chronic studied cohorts. (C) CD4 and CD8 counts in the primary and chronic studied cohorts. (D) Percentage of HIV- or CMV-specific CD8 T cells tetramer⁺ in primary and chronic infection. No significant difference was observed between the percentage of HIV or CMV tetramer⁺ in primary infection (HIV P or CMV P) and the percentage of HIV or CMV tetramer⁺ in chronic infection (HIV C or CMV C). Diamonds and circles represent single specificities for HIV or CMV-tetramer⁺ cells, respectively; filled and open symbols represent tetramer⁺ cells during primary or chronic HIV infection, respectively. (E) Phenotypic analysis of HIV- and CMV-specific CD8 T cells in primary infection by multiparametric flow cytometry for the markers CCR7, CD45RA, CD27, CD127, and CD95. Diamonds and circles represent the percentage of each marker at the surface of HIV- or CMV-specific CD8 T cells, respectively. (F) Percentage of CD27 expression on HIV- or CMV-specific CD8 T cells in primary or chronic infection. HIV-specific CD8 T cells in primary infection (HIV P) express significantly higher levels of CD27 compared with HIV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic infection (HIV C) or CMV-specific CD8 T cells in primary (CMV P) or chronic infection (CMV C). (G) Heatmap of the 258 genes with P < .01 in supervised analysis between HIV-specific CD8 T cells in primary infection (pink) and HIV- and CMV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic infection (blue and green, respectively). Color scale represents the z-score of the expression value for each probe. (H) Heatmaps of genes significantly modulated between HIV-specific CD8 T cells in primary infection (pink) and HIV- and CMV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic infection (blue and green, respectively) in the protein ubiquitination and mTOR signaling pathways. Color scale represents the z-score of the mean expression value of each group for the genes significantly modulated within the pathways. **P < .005. ***P < .0005. ns indicates not significant.