Strong increase of M-DC8⁺ CD11c⁺CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocyte counts in the circulation of viremic patients compared with controls and virologically suppressed patients. (A) Dot plots defining the M-DC8⁻ (green) and M-DC8⁺ (orange) CD11c⁺CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocyte subsets (gating strategy described in supplemental Figure 1) in the blood from (top panel) a representative uninfected donor and (bottom panel) a viremic patient. The percentage of each CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocyte subset among CD45⁺ PBMCs is indicated in each dot plot. (B) Absolute counts of CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocyte subsets in the blood of healthy donors (HIV⁻, cART⁻, n = 13), virologically suppressed patients (HIV⁺, cART⁺, n = 8), and viremic patients (HIV⁺, cART⁻, n = 15) are shown. Filled black circles indicate viremic patients with M-DC8⁺ monocyte counts below 50 cells/μL blood; and filled red circles indicate those with M-DC8⁺ monocyte counts above 50 cells/μL blood. (C) Soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations in the plasma from viremic patients with low (black circles) or high (red circles) M-DC8⁺ monocyte blood count (P values are calculated using the Mann-Whitney test; bars indicate medians). (D) Absolute count correlations of total CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocytes with either M-DC8⁻ (green) or M-DC8⁺ (orange) subsets (Spearman test).