FSME induces pDC maturation. Human pDCs were incubated overnight with IL-3, CpG-C, R848, or FSME and the expression of various molecules was measured by flow cytometry. The graphs show (A) the percentage and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and (B) expression levels of surface molecules CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, PD-L1, TRAIL, ICOS-L, MHC class I and II expression, and intracellular granzyme B. The data are mean values ± SEM of at least 5 independent experiments with different donors. Supernatants of pDC cultures after incubation with IL-3, CpG-C, R848, or FSME were analyzed for the presence of (C) IFNα, (D left) IL-6, and (D right) TNFα. Data shown are mean values of at least 5 independent experiments ± SEM.