Evolved clones. (A) Index clone and some high-frequency evolved clones in patient 23. Blue represents J_H bases; green, D bases; red, V_H bases; and black, shared N bases. These evolved clones share large stretches of bases consistent with common ancestry. (B) Percentage of clones that share J_H and NDN bases with index clones. The x-axis represents the number of shared bases. Data from B-ALL samples are shown as the black histogram, indicating a sharp decline that can be explained by random matching, and then an increase in frequency after 10 bases. For comparison, the red line indicates sharing in CLL samples and lacks the increase in sharing after 10 bases. (C) Frequency plots of malignant clones (index, green plus evolved, blue) versus nonmalignant clones (red). Evolved clones are similar in frequency to nonmalignant clones. (D) Per-patient fraction of evolved clones among all clones in B-ALL, CLL, and in patient-permuted B-ALL samples (across B-ALL). Each dot represents a patient, with shading of the dot indicating whether the number of evolved clones in a sample is significant.