The ability of NK1R-signaled BMDCs to elicit robust type 1 immunity is abrogated by transgenic IL-10 secretion. (A) Quantification of splenic IFN-γ–secreting CD4 T cells (ELISPOT) in mouse immunized subcutaneously with Ag-DCs or Ag-NK1R-DC, transduced with RAd–IL-10 or with control RAd-Empty. Means ± 1 SD of 3 independent experiments are shown. (B) Ag-specific CTL function (in vivo killing assay), analyzed 7 days after subcutaneous immunization with Ag-DCs or Ag-NK1R-DCs, transfected with RAd–IL-10 or control RAd-Empty. Means ± 1 SD from 5 mice per group are shown. (C) Percentage of ear thickness increase (DTH assay) assessed in mice sensitized with 1 dose of Ag-DCs or Ag-NK1R-DCs, transduced or not with RAd–IL-10. Mean ± 1 SD from 5 mice per group are shown. (D) Histologic analysis of the leukocyte infiltration in the ear skin from the area of DTH elicitation. H&E, ×200. (E) Detection of the T-cell and macrophage infiltrates in the ear skin from the area of DTH elicitation. Peroxidase, ×200. Insets, ×500.