Survival of CLL cells in NLC cocultures in the presence and absence of lenalidomide. A total of 5 × 105 CLL cells enriched for CD19+ cells from 15 patients were cocultured with 1 × 105 monocytes isolated by CD14-specific MACS using PBMC of healthy donors in the presence or absence of 10 µM lenalidomide. Cells were cultured in 200 µL complete medium in 48-well plates for 14 days with a daily supplement of lenalidomide. Mean survival rates measured after annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining by flow cytometry of 3 technical replicates per sample are depicted. In addition, the mean value and SEM of all biological replicates within 1 group are indicated. Paired Student t test was performed for significance analysis (*P = .0187).