SMAD7 expression is significantly decreased in MDS CD34+ cells. (A) SMAD7 expression in 183 samples of MDS CD34+ cells and 17 healthy controls reveals reduction in all subsets of MDS. (false discovery rate < 0.1, Benjamin Hochberg correction multiple testing). (B) SMAD2, the effector SMAD protein for TGF-β signaling, was found to be increased in the same samples. (C) Heatmaps showing expression values for both genes. (The 5q- patients were a subset of the RA patient cohort.)