Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts in peripheral blood and rectal tissue during maraviroc intensification. Median changes from baseline in peripheral blood CD4+ (A) and CD8+ (B) T-cell counts are plotted over time for maraviroc-treated (red) and placebo-treated (blue) subjects. Vertical error bars represent IQR at each time point. The mean slopes of change over the indicated intervals (with P values) are also reported. Estimated mean changes (with 95% CI) in % CD4+ (C) and % CD8+ (D) T cells in rectal tissue (by flow cytometry on extracted cells), as well as the % CD4+ area (by immunohistochemistry) in both the lamina propria (E) and lymphoid aggregates (F) of rectal tissue, are also plotted over time for maraviroc-treated (red) and placebo-treated (blue) subjects. P values are provided for the changes within each indicated interval both within arms and between arms. Because only a subset of subjects had baseline rectal tissue with adequate representation of lamina propria and lymphoid aggregates, the number of subjects contributing to each time point is noted below the figure.