MAIT cells express activation phenotypes in chronically HIV-infected patients. (A) The gating strategy for CD38^hi, HLA-DR, TIM-3, CD27, CD57, and CD127 expression on MAIT cells in HIV-1–uninfected and HIV-infected individuals. The expression of these markers was determined in 33 uninfected and 29 untreated HIV-infected individuals (B), and in 20 HIV-infected individuals before and after commencing cART (C). Spearman rank correlation between CD38^hi-expressing MAIT cells (D) and total CD8 T cells (E) with the frequency of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood of 29 untreated HIV-infected individuals. Box and whisker plots show median, IQR and the 10th and 90th percentile. Tx indicates therapy.