In vivo imaging of primary patient AML xenografts with multiplexed mAbs indicates engraftment status. Four primary AML patient samples (5 × 106 cells) were injected intravenously into irradiated NSG mice (n = 2 per patient sample) and imaged weekly with 3 multiplexed mAbs (CD45/13/HLA ABC, total 1 μg/g, 0.33 μg/g of each antibody). Representative fluorescence images (A-B) and fluorescence quantification (D,F) are shown for patients 1 and 2. All leukemic infiltrates visualized by imaging were confirmed histologically (E,G). Imaging of patient 3 demonstrated transient fluorescence (C), which decreased with time (F), whereas patient 4 (H) did not engraft. In all cases, imaging indicated engraftment success and was confirmed by histology and survival. Scale bars: yellow indicates original magnification of 20×, 0.1 mm; white, original magnification 40×, 0.05 mm.
