PBMCs from IPEX patients reflect the presence of Tfh-like cells. (A) Quantitative real-time PCRs validate the increased transcription of Tfh genes in IPEX patients. Gene expression was assessed by comparing 11 healthy donors and 5 IPEX patients. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM. (B) Gene expression is displayed relative to CD4 expression and demonstrates PD1, ICOS, and IL10 up-regulation in IPEX patients.