Transduction of primary liver cells. Mouse nonparenchymal liver cells were isolated and cultivated for 36 hours before mCD105-LV or VSV-G-LV were added (multiplicity of infection of 3, respectively). (A) After 96 hours, photographs were taken under fluorescence (top) and bright field microscopy (bottom). Scale bar: 200 µm. (B) Cells were then detached to quantify the percentage of GFP-positive cells in the CD105-positive fraction (upper panel) and CD105-negative fraction (bottom panel) by flow cytometry using rat anti-mouse CD105-APC (1:20, MJ7/18; Miltenyi Biotec). Data were acquired on a LSRII- fluorescence-activated cell sorter (BD Bioscience, Heidelberg, Germany) and analyzed using the FCS-express software (Denovo Software, Los Angeles, CA).