Blocking RAR signaling in donor T cells impairs integrin and chemokine expression and skews T-cell polarity toward a Th2 phenotype. (A-D) Lethally irradiated BALB/c recipients were transplanted with B6 10⁷ BM cells and 1.5 × 10⁶ wt– (filled triangles), dnRARα− (open circles), or dnRARα-CD4^Cre– (filled circles) purified T cells. Splenocytes, MLNs, liver cells, and colon lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) were isolated on indicated days and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Cells were gated on H-2K^b-positive events. (A) The frequency of CD4⁺ cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 from spleen and colon LPLs is shown. (B) The frequency of CD4⁺ cells expressing T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt from spleen is shown. (C) The absolute number of CD4⁺ cells expressing CXCR3, α₄β₇, and CCR9 in spleen, MLN, and liver cells is depicted. (D) The absolute number of total, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ cells and the absolute number of CD4⁺ cells expressing CXCR3, α₄β₇, and CCR9 in colon LPLs are shown. (A) Data were combined from 2 experiments with similar results (n = 4 to 8/group). (B,D) Data were obtained from 1 experiment each with 4 mice per group. (C) Data were from 1 representative of 3 independent experiments. *P < .05; **P < .01; and ***P < .001.