Vital NETosis allows PMNs to maintain conventional host defensive functions. (A) Conventional neutrophil host response incudes the recruitment cascade, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial killing. (B) Vital NETosis aids in containing local infections, such as gram-positive cellulitis, by allowing PMNs to rapidly release NETs and continue to chemotax and phagocytose live bacteria. Additionally, the live NET-releasing PMNs are able to maintain their membrane integrity, thereby imprisoning the captured bacteria. (C) Intravascular NET release optimizes the capture of both bacteria and viruses within the blood stream. Intravascular NETosis may also contribute to immunothrombosis.