Fully human anti-hepcidin Ab 12B9m effectively treated ESA-refractory anemia in a modified BA model. (A) Experimental scheme detailing administration time of intraperitoneal BA (3 × 10⁸ particles per mouse), intravenous Ab (range of doses), and intravenous ESA (300 µg/kg Epoetin alfa [∼60 000 IU/kg; Amgen]) with the 2 Hb measurement times indicated. (B) BA method modification allowed absolute comparison of Hb values between groups at day 14. Hb values shown at day 0 reflected values of 5 untreated strain-matched mice. Hep2 mice fully backcrossed into a C57BL/6 background (Hep2-C57BL/6) treated with BA had Hb values determined at day 7 and were then distributed between groups such that each treatment group had a similar Hb range resulting in an equivalent mean Hb value for each group. Mice were then exposed to different treatments on day 8, and Hb response to treatment was determined on day 14. Only groups treated with 5 mg of Ab are shown (n = 5 mice per group). (C) Demonstration of dose response to 12B9m treatment. Bar graph detailing the full data set of day 14 Hb values for the study shown in panel B (n = 5 mice per group). Statistical comparisons against control Ab group are shown (1-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] with Dunnett’s post hoc test). **P < .01; ***P < .001. All results are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).