Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) and transplantation-free survival (TFS) in 40 Japanese children with AA. Survival was investigated using Kaplan-Meier methods. OS for all patients with AA after rATG and cyclosporine as first-line therapy included patients who later received HSCT for nonresponse to rATG. In the analysis of TFS for all patients treated with rATG and CSA, transplantation was considered an event.