Circulating lymphocytes from controls and ITP patients. (A) PBMCs from 8 controls and 30 ITP patients were assessed. For ITP patients, the samples were obtained before RTX infusion that leads to a response in 14 cases. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the expression of HLA-DR and the cytotoxic proteins granzyme B and perforin. After a polyclonal stimulation with PMA and ionomycin, intracellular expression of IFN-γ was measured in CD8⁺ (Tc1) and CD3⁺CD8⁻ T cells (Th1). (B) The same analyzes were performed in 18 ITP patients before and after RTX treatment, among whom 8 reached a clinical response. Data are summarized in dot plots, and the horizontal bar represents the median with the interquartile range. P values were derived by Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests as appropriate. Non-Resp., nonresponder; NS, nonsignificant; Resp., responder.