TLR-induced IL-1β mRNA expression is controlled by a p38-dependent pathway. T-shNT and T-shFC cells were treated with R848 (30 μM), and 6 hours later, BIRB (50 nM) was added to the culture medium. Total RNA was isolated at 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after R848 treatment. TNF-α (A) and IL-1β (B) mRNA were measured using real-time qRT-PCR and normalized to levels of 18S rRNA. Shown are the changes in expression of TNF-α (A) and IL-1β (B) mRNA with respect to the expression levels 6 hours after R848 was added, normalized to T-shNT in the absence of BIRB. Two experiments were carried out using 3 technical replicates for each condition and yielded similar results. One representative experiment is shown.