TLR-induced production of IL-1β and TNF-α is not interdependent. T-shNT and T-shFC cells were plated at a concentration of 10⁶ per mL. Isotype control antibodies or neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α (A) or IL-1β (B) were added to the culture medium at a concentration of 1 µg/mL, and cells were stimulated with R848 (30 μM) for 24 hours. Secreted IL-1β (A) or TNF-α (B) was measured in the conditioned media by ELISA. P values were calculated using a paired Student t test. Two experiments used 3 biological replicates for each condition, and both showed similar results. One experiment is shown.