Oncogenic mutations identified in MDS. (A) Fraction of patients with at least 1 driver mutation, identified by cytogenetics, targeted gene sequencing, or sequencing combined with bone marrow cytogenetics. The fraction reported for targeted gene sequencing includes both oncogenic point mutations and copy number changes identified from the sequencing data alone. (B) Distribution of number of driver mutations (including point mutations, indels, and cytogenetic lesions) per patient broken down by MDS subtype. (C) Pairwise associations among genes and cytogenetic abnormalities found in at least 10 patients. Only associations with a q value (false discovery rate adjusted P value) <.1 are shown. Associations are colored by odds ratio. Brown colors depict mutually exclusive gene pairs (one or the other mutated, but rarely both together), and blue-green colors depict gene pairs that are comutated more than expected by chance. Gene names are color coded as per index on right side panel of the figure.