Oxygen-dependent regulation of HIFα and its target genes. If oxygen demand is covered, HIFα becomes constantly hydroxylated by PHDs and subsequently undergoes proteasomal degradation after binding with VHL. Under hypoxic conditions, HIFα is stabilized, translocates to the nucleus, binds to its heterodimerization partner HIFβ as well as to other co-factors, and leads to the transcriptional activation of target genes that harbor HRE sequences in their promoter region. HIF1α and HIF2α share target genes (green) but have certain preferences (preferentially induced by HIF1α [yellow] and HIF2α [blue]). CBP, CREB-binding protein.