Compensated activation of coagulation in CM. (A) Plasma TAT levels taken on admission in children with (right to left) retinopathy-positive CM (Ret Pos CM, n = 67), retinopathy-negative CM (Ret Neg CM, n = 19), nonmalarial coma (n = 11), uncomplicated malaria (n = 30), mild nonmalarial febrile illness (n = 30), and healthy controls (n = 19). (B) Plasma TAT levels taken on admission in patients with retinopathy-positive CM grouped according to outcome: those who eventually died (fatal [n = 16] and those who survived [nonfatal, n = 51]). (C) Prothrombin time and aPPT (D) in children with (from right to left) Ret Pos CM (n = 69), Ret Neg CM (n = 23), nonmalarial coma (n = 11), uncomplicated malaria (n = 21), mild nonmalarial febrile illness (n = 24), and healthy controls (n = 30). (E) aPC levels in plasma taken on admission in children with (from right to left): Ret Pos CM (n = 92), Ret Neg CM (n = 22), nonmalarial coma (n = 6), uncomplicated malaria (n = 24), mild nonmalarial febrile illness (n = 25), and healthy controls (n = 21). (F) Plasma aPC levels in retinopathy-positive children who eventually died (fatal, n = 16) and those who survived (nonfatal, n = 76). (G) Prothrombin fragment (F1+2)/aPC ratio in the same patients as 4E. (H) Prothrombin fragment levels in fatal and nonfatal retinopathy-positive CM. Horizontal lines indicate geometric means. Significance determined by ANOVA with the Tukey honestly significant difference test test on log-transformed data to adjust for multiple comparison. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.