Flowchart on study conduct. Flowchart showing enrollment, program completion, and/or drop-out according to the randomization result. AIC, idarubicin, 12 mg/m2 intravenously, days 1 to 3; cytarabine, 100 mg/m2 continuously intravenously, days 1 to 5; and ATRA, by mouth, 45 mg/m2, days 3 to 5, and 15 mg/m2, days 6 to 28; A-HAM, cytarabine, 0.5 g/m2 per 12 hours intravenously, days 1 to 3; mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenously, days 2 and 3; A-IE, idarubicin, 12 mg/m2 intravenously, days 1 and 3; etoposide, 100 mg/m2 intravenously, days 1 to 5; ATRA, 15 mg/m2 by mouth, days 4 to 28; Allo, allogeneic HSCT; NFT, no further treatment; RD, refractory disease; Rel, relapse; V-AIC, VPA, AIC.