Binding analysis of TIL′E′ functionality. Solid-phase binding assays of recombinant FVIII to plasma-derived VWF (pdVWF; ▾), TIL′E′ expressed in E coli. (TIL′E′; ▪), and reduced and alkylated TIL′E′ (Red./alkyl. TIL′E′; ●). The obtained apparent dissociation constants are pdVWF 0.9 nM ± 0.2 nM and TIL′E′ 26 nM ± 2 nM.