Elevated CCN1 at MGUS/AMM diagnosis is associated with longer time until progression to MM. (A) Time for overt MM to progress from MGUS/AMM, according to high (≥401 pg/mL, n = 60; blue) or low (<401 pg/mL, n = 29; red) levels of CCN1. (B) Time for overt MM to progress from AMM alone, according to high (≥614 pg/mL, n = 13; blue) or low (<614 pg/mL, n = 39; red) levels of CCN1. (C) CCN1 levels in BM sera of patients who progressed from MGUS/AMM to MM in <36 months (n = 34; circles) to those who progressed in ≥36 months (n = 55; triangles). SEM, standard error of the mean.