MM patients with elevated CCN1 at baseline have shorter time to CR and longer overall survival. (A) Overall survival of MM patients with high (≥478 pg/mL, n = 72; blue) or low (<478 pg/mL; red) CCN1 levels at diagnosis. (B) Time to reach CR for patients with high (Q4, n = 58; blue) or low (Q1, n = 58; red) levels of CCN1 at the time of MM diagnosis. (C) CCN1 levels in BM of patients who achieved CR in ≤6 months (n = 72; squares) and those who achieved CR in >36 months (n = 55; circles).