Chronic production of IFN-γ induces BM failure, monocytosis, and AA. Chronic IFN-γ production during persistent viral infection or chronic inflammatory diseases has a dramatic impact on BM output, as it impairs HSC self-renewal, increases monopoiesis, and inhibits development of B cells, granulocytes, and RBCs (cellular identity according to Figure 1). Adapted from King et al2 with permission.