LDA for the engraftment of highly enriched human HSCs in NAC-treated or untreated NOD/SCID mice. NAC-treated and untreated recipients transplanted with human Lin^–CD34⁺CD38^–CD45RA^–CD90⁺CD49f⁺Rho^low CB cells were sacrificed 12 to 14 weeks after transplantation, and human cell chimerism was assessed by flow cytometry. (A-C) Mean human cell engraftment into the injected tibiae (IT; right tibiae), noninjected bones (BM; including left tibiae, 2 femurs) and spleen (SP) of NAC-treated or untreated NOD/SCID mice transplanted with human HSCs (for 100, 50, 20 cells: n = 15 mice per group; for 10 cells: n = 30 mice per group, 3 independent experiments with 3 CB donors). (D-F) Bars represent the fold difference in engraftment levels between NAC-treated or untreated recipients from panels A to C. (G) Frequency of human cells in NAC-treated or untreated NOD/SCID mice measured by LDA. (H) Bars represent increases in SRC frequency in the IT, BM, and SP between NAC-treated and untreated recipients. (I) Lineage potential of human cells in NAC-treated or untreated NOD/SCID recipients. Values represent the means ± SEM. *P < .05; **P = .01 to .001; ***P < .001.