ALPS DNT have a distinct differentiation pattern. Representative plots showing ex vivo expression of the indicated differentiation markers on (A) ALPS and control DNT (gate: CD3⁺TCRαβ⁺CD4⁻CD8⁻), and (B) on control CD8⁺TEMRA and CD4⁺TEMRA cells (gate: CD3⁺CD8⁺CCR7⁻CD45RA⁺ or CD3⁺CD4⁺CCR7⁻CD45RA⁺) (C) Expression of differentiation markers on DNT of all studied ALPS patients (ALPS all), adult ALPS patients (ALPS >18 y), and adult controls (Con >18 y); statistical comparison was performed between all ALPS patients and adult controls. ns, not significant. *P < .05; ***P < .001.