Immunofluorescence assays. (A-D) Immunofluorescence assay on CS2 (top panels) vs CS2ΔPTP1 parasites (bottom panels). Immunofluorescence assay probed with α-PfEMP1 antibody (A), α-STEVOR antibody (B), α-SBP 1 antibody (C), and α-REX 1 antibody (D). Scale bar: 1 μm; same size of ROI in each image.