Intranodal vaccination induces clinical responses and correlated T-cell responses. (A) Watershed diagram of change in total tumor area at time of best clinical response compared with baseline and associated positive (black bars) or negative (white bars) CD8 T-cell immune responses, as defined in panel B. (B) Percent CD8 (black bars) or CD4 (white bars) T cells proliferating in response to autologous tumor. Time point for best response after treatment (2, 4, or 8 months) following subtraction of baseline values is shown, with positive immune responses defined as 10% or higher (dotted line). CFSE-labeled MNCs were cocultured with autologous tumor cells (1:1 ratio) and proliferation measured on day 5 as CSFE^low events among gated CD3⁺CD20^– events that were either CD8⁺ or CD8^–. Error bars indicate standard deviation of triplicates. (C) Correlation between percent reduction in tumor area and percent CD8 proliferation at time point for best response. (D) Correlation between CD8 T-cell proliferation (%CSFE^low) and degranulation (% expressing CD107a/b) at time point for best response following restimulation with autologous tumor cells for the 4 patients for which both assays were performed (baseline values subtracted).